Thursday, May 21, 2020

Discrimination in Police Use of Force - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 782 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? In recent years there has been an appreciable surge in tensions between the police and minority communities; namely, allegations of police discrimination in the use of force have arisen. Given the civil liberties at stake including the very basic right to live it is imperative to address these allegations using rigorous research. It should be noted that this is not an easy issue to address. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discrimination in Police Use of Force" essay for you Create order First, there are different ways that discrimination can be defined; taste-based discrimination refers to discriminatory treatment motivated by hostility towards a certain group, while statistical discrimination refers to discriminatory outcomes motivated by factors other than bigotry (such as racial profiling and implicit bias.) While some argue that statistical discrimination is acceptable, not all agree. It is clearly difficult to come up with an answer when the question changes depending on who you ask. Moreover, this issue is difficult to tackle because it would be unethical to conduct experimental research on discriminatory use of force. Without experimental data, we cannot be as confident in our findings. That being said, valuable studies on this topic have been conducted. Given the conflicting results and limitations of these studies, however, it is difficult to conclude definitively whether or not police discriminate in their use of force. Some evidence certainly is consistent with the idea that police use force in a discriminatory manner. For instance, Fryer (2016) analyzed Stop and Frisk data from New York City, which indicated if force was used and included information about the person stopped (including gender, age, etc.), information about the encounter (time of day, neighborhood, etc.) and information about the civilians behavior. Fryer found that African Americans were 54% more likely than whites to experience force. Even after controlling for factors like baseline and encounter characteristics, as well as civilian behavior and fixed effects, African Americans were still 17% more likely to experience force. Fryer then looked at data from the Police Public Contact Survey, which are very similar to the data from New York City with the exception that they are from the civilians point of view. This analysis paints an even starker picture, with blacks being over 300% more likely to experience force than whites (270% more likely when controlling for various factors.) The fact that this difference persists even after controlling for multiple characteristics is compelling. However, the control function approach taken here is not perfect; there is always the possibility that the researcher has not controlled for everything. If there were more factors that needed to be controlled for, it is possible that the differences Fryer observed would disappear once they were controlled for. Moreover, if one believes that statistical discrimination is okay, it is hard to discern whether the differential use of force is evidence of police discrimination. There is also evidence that suggests that police do not discriminate in their use of force. For example, Fryer also analyzed data from the Houston Police Department. The data consisted of the same information as the earlier analyses, but only included instances where lethal force was used. By focusing only on the riskiest situations, Fryer found no significant differences in the likelihood of blacks and whites to experience lethal force. Moreover, black victims of officer shootings were not statistically significant ly less likely to be holding a weapon. It must be acknowledged that this study only looked at one city, and thus we cannot draw sweeping conclusions from it. Moreover, as Uri Simonsohn (2016) points out, if police do racially discriminate against blacks when it comes to who they arrest, they will have less risky black suspects. This would result in the police not shooting at blacks significantly more, which would mask a true effect of discrimination. Feldman (2016) also takes issue with these findings; he argues that Fryers conclusion rests on an assumption that statistical discrimination is acceptable. Feldman disagrees that statistical discrimination is okay, and argues that the proportion of blacks in the population not the proportion of blacks that are arrested is the appropriate benchmark to use when assessing claims of discrimination. Thus, using Feldmans definition of discrimination, Fryers findings would support the argument that discrimination exists. The topic of police discrimination in use of force is sensitive but critical. It is also not black-and-white. The fact that 30% of those killed by the police in 2013-2015 were black, even though only 12% of the population is black seems like clear evidence of discrimination. However, the added statistic that 44% of those who feloniously kill the pol ice were African American nuances the picture and makes some reconsider their view of the matter. Although there have been solid attempts to answer this question, it is impossible to say whether discrimination exists given the contradicting evidence and methodological issues.

Monday, May 18, 2020

The Jungle Inspiring Change in the Workplace - 1079 Words

A sickly breeze slithers around the corner of a long brick building and pulls bits of paper and trash into its wickedly spiraling game. Grey fog, twisting and warping into grotesque patterns, oozes up from the dank stream of sewage that floats lazily down the gutters of the stone-made road. A hunchbacked old man trundles through the mist, the collar of his tattered jacket clenched tightly around his face to ward off the slight autumn chill of the brisk morning air. He hardly slows at the sound of another being moving towards him through the smog. A small, dirty child, adorned in a ragged yellow dress waddles by, on her way to the factory where she will spend her day exposed to many hazardous conditions. Thus was the life of the people in†¦show more content†¦Upton Sinclair was determined to expose the shocking conditions that immigrant workers endured (Littell 533). He explained the innumerable hazards of the jobs, everything from the fear of infecting a wound made when a b lade accidentally slips into the flesh of a workers hand to brutal, violent deaths. Sometimes, working conditions were so bad that visitors would not be allowed to see the men (Sinclair 98). For example, the worst of any... were the fertilizer men and those who served in the cooking rooms (Sinclair 98). A fertilizer man smelt so badly that the stench alone could drive a guest from the room, and the men in the tank rooms sometimes fell into the open vats near the level of the floor and they would be merely more than bones by the time they were pulled out (Sinclair 99). Sinclair’s marvelous descriptions aroused the public’s attention, but not in the way he had hoped. Instead, readers were more shocked by the sickening conditions of the meatpacking industry (Littell 523). Sinclair explains one non-sanitary situation in the following way: Jonas had told them how the meat that was taken out of pickle would often be found sour, and how they would rub it up with soda to take away the smell, and sell it to be eaten on free-lunch counters (134). After the uproar began, even the President read the book. He had some power and was able to take action. He appointed a commission of experts to investigate the...industry and then pushed for passageShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources. Sasnett Ross (2007) Notes That â€Å"The1185 Words   |  5 Pageshigh—performing companies do a better job of understanding and responding to the needs of both employees and customers† (p. 133). Without attention to the contextual environment, however, such approaches will not be able to sustain organizational change (Gallant Drinan (2006). Instead of instilling an apprehensive culture, a human resources framing should be dedicated to reassuring an efficient and productive minded culture where the organization and workforce can benefit mutually. The CES organizationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Lean On 3694 Words   |  15 Pagesmillions of women juggling work and family. The book ‘Lean In’ was an outcome of the TEDTalk, which she gave in 2010 expressing concerns about the stagnation of progress for women in achieving major leadership positions. Lean In is a provocative and inspiring book about women and power. Ms. Sandberg throughout the book urges women to take risk and seek new challenges, to find work that they love, and to remain passionately engaged with that work at the highest levels throughout their lives, which I thoughtRead MoreManagement and Motivation Essay2387 Words   |  10 Pagesunder-utilized by managers at workplace to inspire people and to improve work environment (Bessell et al., 2012). The importance for managers to understand motivation can be divided into three parts. Generally, as an intrinsic reason, motivation allows managers to develop their leadership. The largest difference between leadership and management is that the purpose of management in execution is to control the situation and to solve problems, whereas leadership aims at motivating and inspiring people, which revealsRead MoreAnalysis of the Walt Disney Company5222 Words   |  21 Pagesis on the threshold of a new era. Michael Eisner has stepped down from his position as CEO and turned over the reigns to Robert Iger. A lot of turmoil has been brewing through the company over the last four years; many people are hoping that this change in leadership will put Disney back on the road to success. Issues began around mid-2002; when declining earnings, fleeing shareholders, and falling network ratings were met with a financial lawsuit against copyrights regarding Winnie-the-Pooh. ThenRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. 36 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3—Change—The Innovative Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Factors Promoting Change . . . . . . . Empowerment—An Agent of Change Paradigm Shift—Myth or Reality . . . Organizing for Change . . . . . . . . . . . Diagnosing Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libraries as Open Systems . . . . . . . Resistance to Change . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizations Unpredictable behaviour Informal control: organizational misbehaviour? Complexity and the problem of implementation Three types of formal control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control The new wave in action: managing cultural change A theoretical explanation of a possible shift in control: A new historical configuration? An alternative theoretical explanation: movements in managerial discourse? The theoretical origins of new-wave theory Conclusions 148 148 150 152 152 153Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesEffective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of Managing Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−JarrellRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe great majority of both international and domestic immigrants in the modern era, and that in 2005 became the place of residence for the majority of the world’s human population for the first time in history. He gives considerable attention to changes in city planning, patterns of urban growth, and important differences between industrialized Europe and North America and the developing world, as well as the contrasts in urban design and living conditions between different sorts of politicalRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagescritical to competitiveness and growth.† retired Chairman of the Board and CEO, e Procter Gamble Company Also by Clayton M. Christensen: Bestselling Author of e Innovator’s Dilemma You can be as innovative and impactful— if you can change your behaviors to improve your creative impact. In e Innovator’s DNA, authors Je Dyer, Hal Gregersen, and bestselling author Clayton M. Christensen ( e Innovator’s Dilemma, e Innovator’s Solution) build on what we know about disruptive innovationRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesactivities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Cyber Bullying Essay - 844 Words

In 2003, a fifteen years old, dropped out of school after a few of his classmates found a video of him and posted it on the internet (Harmon, 2003). Three years earlier, a fourteen year old girl hung herself after receiving threatening phone calls from classmates (CBC News Online, 2005). In the school year 2005-2007, some of eight million students said they were bullied at school, and about nine thousand or so said they were cyber-bullied. According to Dr. Shaheen Sharif of McGill University says â€Å"cyber bullying consist of being bullied through camera phones, text messages, web sites and online chat rooms†(Sharif Gouin,2005 3). Cyber-bullying is on the rise because more children are using the computer. In 2005 a study showed that†¦show more content†¦As the being film showed on ABC Family called â€Å"Cyber Bully â€Å"written by Teena Booth. Being bullied in any form or fashion is wrong and should be handled to the full extent of the law. No one wants to be b ullied for something small as looking different or not doing what you tell them to do. Honestly, bullies are just people who are insecure themselves and feel the need to pick on others. Bullies need love and much counseling. If we are going to stop these bullies from harassing children we need to tell them to stop giving out personal information, tell someone when you’re being bullied, and always keep a record of evidence. One possible solution for preventing cyber bullying is stopping giving out personal information. Children should never disclose their personal information such as: passwords, email address and cell phone number to people they hardly even know. Those three things are the quickest way to be bullied. You have to be aware different ones can harass and bully all day long with your information. Some can even pretend to be you and bully someone else over the internet. Especially don’t give your personal information to your friends. Those are the main ones o ut to get you, yes they make smile in your face just to get what they want, all along planning to deceive you. So be wise and don’t share your information not with friends, with people you hardlyShow MoreRelatedBullying And The Cyber Bullying Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTIFICATION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND Cyber bullying refers to something when one uses their cell phone, computers or an electronic device to access internet and technology for the purpose of harassment and providing harms to others. Sending inappropriate messages, uploading disturbing images, threatening and posting something without someone’s’ approval are the forms of cyber bullying. The main aim of this research study is to look after the cyber bullying and the possible reasons of occurrenceRead MoreBullying Evolution : Cyber Bullying1870 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying 1858 Words 8 Pages At some point during your childhood, you may have encountered that troubled individual, typically known as the â€Å"bully† that drove fear in the hearts of the weakest link by humiliating them, taking what is rightfully theirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet)Read MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pages(â€Å"An Old Problem with a New Face†). Since the rapid growth of technology, cyber bullying has become life-threatening for too many teenagers. Now that teenagers have phones and technology almost twenty-four hours a day, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of being cyber bullied. Cyber bullying is different from regular, old-school bullying; cyber bullying is using the internet to ruin the life of other teenagers. â€Å"Cyber bulling is when a teenager is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliatedRead MoreIs It Serious? Cyber Bullying? Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Cyberbulling is Very Serious Cyber bullying by definition is the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. This occurs mainly among young people ages between 13- 18. Base on my research I found out in the past decade, there have been multiple cyberbullying cases that ended with the victims taking their own lives. I believe there is more we can do to help with this issue. There is information out there that isRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not b e tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesHalligan kill[ed] himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay† (Billitteri.) Cyber bullying is much more dangerous than traditional bullying, and should be punished with much stricter guide lines, not just within schools but within criminal courts as well. Traditional bullying was done on school grounds, at the bus stop, or walking home, but today cyber bullies leave teens vulnerable to the abuse with no place to seek refuge. â€Å"Its a non-stop type of harassmentRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead More Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagestheirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet). Most recently, it took a crime wave of â€Å"cyber bullying† before our media and leaders in the Untied States gave it attention; now that the American people realize that the â€Å"classroom bully† has evolved into a more dangerously clever and sinister inflictor of emotionalRead MoreBullying Vs Cyber Bullying E ssay2021 Words   |  9 PagesBullying is a major problem that impacts many teens over generations, causing an endless cycle of bullying. With the new age of technology, this leads to new issues that are affecting teens’ lives. One of these issues is that cyberbullying is quickly becoming more common than the traditional playground bullying, as more social media are appealing to teens. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens using electronic devices such as phones, laptops, and tablets. This form of bullying includes

A Child s Life Self Regulatory Skills - 1314 Words

The first eight years of a child’s life self-regulatory skills are developing that involve cognitive, behavioral, and sometimes emotional processes. The developing skills, during that time, have a large impact on a child’s natural tendencies and their social setting. In recent studies self-regulatory skills have proven to have a large effect on student achievement, social interactions, and less behavioral issues. One aspect that helps develop self-regulatory skills is autonomy support. This is a specific kind of support given to children from adults that have an impact on their daily lives. Definition/Explanation of Theory and Behavior (about 1 page) â€Å"Self-regulatory skills refer to children’s ability to focus their attention, manage†¦show more content†¦Autonomy support, defined as parents’ use of practices that support and encourage independent problem solving, choice, and participation in decisions, has been contrasted with parenting styles that involve punitive and coercive approaches to discipline; children of parents who offered more autonomy support showed greater self-regulation than children of punitive and coercive parents (Grolnick and Ryan, 1989, p.307). Autonomy support can be practiced with children not only by their parents but also teachers, coaches, and other adults who play a significant role in a child’s life. Having less controlling practices when interacting with a child or student will motivate them to express themselves, make decisions on their own, be more independent, and interact better with other children or students. People having strong abilities such as these will benefit a person not only in the classroom but also when being an adult. Positive Aspects of the Theory Related to the Behavior (1 to 2 pages) Students who have obtained strongly self-regulatory skills have been linked to having a higher level of academic achievement. â€Å"Children who show better self-regulation upon kindergarten entry demonstrated higher mathematics, vocabulary, and early literacy skills in the spring of the kindergarten year† (Ponitz, McClelland, Matthres, and Morrison, 2009). Children’s whose parents provide autonomy support throughout their childhood are said to have a higher academic

Site Finding And Planning For Wind Farms Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Finding a air current farm site is a juggle act where many, frequently conflicting, issues need to be considered and balanced before a determination to develop a possible site is taken. At the most basic degree, after set uping that the end product from a air current power undertaking can be sold at an acceptable monetary value, the following are the acerb trials for any possible development: 1.Is grid connexion probably to be cost effectual for the coveted size of development? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Site Finding And Planning For Wind Farms Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is the air current resource adequate? 3.Will the undertaking be able to obtain all the licenses necessary for the air current farm to be built? 4.Is entree to the site and building of the air current farm likely to be cost effectual? 5.Can the rights to the land be secured? A good outlook that the reply to all of the above trials will be positive is a pre-requisite for doing the investing necessary to gain a undertaking, although necessarily early determinations need to be made on uncomplete information. A Each of the issues is considered in a little more item below: Grid connexion When looking for a site, propinquity to a medium electromotive force grid is a good initial index that an appropriate connexion is practical. The following phase of the procedure is to keep treatments with the appropriate electrical authorization. A The consequences of such treatments will normally bespeak a cap, or a series of caps on the upper limit installed capacity at a possible site which are associated with increasingly more dearly-won grid connexion scenarios. A Some elaborate analysis by the electrical authorization, at the cost of the developer, may be necessary before even approximative figures are available. A The presence of merely a high electromotive force line near to a little or average air current farm may non be helpful as the cost of connexion to such a grid may be prohibitory. Wind Resource It is hard to generalize how best to measure the air current resource at a possible air current farm site when no site air current informations are available, as different states have markedly different air current governments. A Some general regulations, for which there are many noteworthy exclusions, are listed below: Good exposure, peculiarly in the prevailing air current way, will well better the resource at a site. The rate at which wind velocity reduces off from the countries of a site with the best exposure should non be underestimated. A An â€Å" ideal † hill would hold smooth inclines of about 17 A grades gradient. Steeper inclines do non give significant extra sweetening of the air current flow but can do separation of the flow which complicates the air current conditions at a site. A Low flora at and around a site retards the air current flow less than tall flora. A However, a site with good exposure and little trees is likely to turn out better than a site with hapless exposure and no trees. A Building licenses Key issues will change between parts and states but common sense indicates that countries with particular appellations are best avoided. A Low visibleness from cardinal countries of habitation or diversion is besides desirable. A If there are homes within a few 100 metres of the air current farm site noise or shadow spark may turn out an insurmountable job in some states. A Turbines can interfere with electromagnetic telecommunications signals. A The presence of a telecommunications mast at a site or such signals which cross a site may therefore perplex the procedure of obtaining a edifice license. A A cheque for telecasting communications should besides be made which may non be evident from ocular review. Entree The distance to the nearest route entree and the complexness of the terrain will well act upon the capital cost of the undertaking. A Land handiness Land handiness varies from state to state but a possible site where there are comparatively few landholders and landholders who can give sole rights to the developer is the ideal state of affairs. The job of site happening lends itself good to a thorough and elaborate Geographical Information System ( GIS ) based attack where air current atlases, an electrical grid map, roads, environmental appellations and other standards can all be input and the optimum sites defined. A In pattern, nevertheless, a more matter-of-fact attack may good turn out more appropriate. 2. WIND FARM LAYOUT DESIGN The air current farm layout is typically designed utilizing a professional air current farm design bundle. A Such tools allows for an effectual loop and optimization of the cardinal parametric quantities for the layout. Preliminary layout design Once a site has been identified and the determination has been taken to put in its development the air current farm design process commences. A This is necessarily an iterative procedure. A The first undertaking is to specify the restraints on the development: Maximum installed capacity ( due to grid connexion or Power Purchase Agreement footings ) Site boundary Set dorsums from roads, homes, overhead lines, ownership boundaries etc. Environmental restraints Location of noise and shadow spark sensitive homes, if any, and appraisal standards Location of visually sensitive point of views, if any, and appraisal standards Turbine minimal spacings as defined by the turbine provider. Constraints associated with communications signals such as microwave nexus corridors, if any. Local ordinances that limit the turbine type permissible for the development. These restraints may alter as treatments and dialogues advancement with assorted parties. For the intent of specifying the preliminary layout it is necessary to specify about what sizes of turbine are under consideration for the development, as the installed capacity accomplishable with different sizes of turbine may change significantly. A The choice of a specific turbine theoretical account is frequently best left to the more elaborate design stage when the commercial footings of the assorted providers are known. Specification of anemometry The air current resource at the site is the cardinal parametric quantity in finding its economic viability. To measure the energy for a undertaking it is necessary to obtain informations on the local air current government. Typically this means installing anemometry equipment at the site. The preliminary layout allows the air current measurings to be made in appropriate locations. As a general regulation the mast should be at least two tierces of the hub tallness of the turbines. A utile regulation in complex terrain is that no turbine is located more than 1 kilometer from the closest mast. In really terrible terrain, the closest mast should be within 500m, but for air current farms located in simple terrain a much lower denseness of masts over the site may be appropriate. For big developments that require several masts there may be advantages in ab initio put ining merely one mast on the site. Once it is confirmed that the air current resource is sensible, other masts can be install ed to corroborate the fluctuation in air current velocity over the site country. Provided the original mast remains as a changeless mention other masts can be moved after, say, six months of operation to cut down the entire figure of masts required.+ Detailed layout design A cardinal component of the layout design is the minimal turbine spacing used. A In order to guarantee that the turbines are non being used outside their design conditions, the minimal acceptable turbine spacing should be obtained from the turbine provider and adhered to. The appropriate spacing for turbines is strongly dependent on the nature of the terrain and the air current rose at a site. A If turbines are spaced closer than 5 rotor diameters in a frequent air current way it is likely that intolerably high aftermath losingss will ensue. A For countries with preponderantly uni-directional air current roses, such as the San Gorgonio Pass in California, greater distances between turbines in the prevailing air current way and tighter spacings perpendicular to the prevailing air current way will turn out to be more productive. A Tight spacings require blessing by the turbine provider if warranty agreements are non to be affected. With the air current farm restraints defined, the layout of the air current farm can be optimised. A This procedure is besides called air current farm â€Å" micrositing † . A The purpose of such a procedure is to maximize the energy production of the air current farm whilst understating the substructure and operating costs and run intoing all restraints. A For most undertakings the economic sciences are well more sensitive to alterations in energy production than substructure costs. A It is hence appropriate to utilize the energy production as the dominant layout design parametric quantity. The elaborate design of the air current farm is facilitated by the usage of commercially available air current farm design tools. A Once an appropriate analysis of the air current government at the site has been undertaken, a theoretical account is set up which can be used to plan the layout, predict the energy production of the air current farm every bit good as being used to turn to economic and be aftering related issues. For big air current farms it is frequently hard to manually deduce the most productive layout. A For such sites a computational optimization utilizing a air current farm design tool may place a layout for which significant additions in predicted energy production are achieved. A Even a 1 % addition in energy production from improved micrositing could easy stand for an addition in one-year gross of $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 for a 50 MW air current farm. A The computational optimization procedure will normally affect many 1000s of loops and can include noise and ocular restraints. A Wind farm design tools handily allow many substitutions on air current farm size, turbine type, hub tallness and layout to be considered rapidly and expeditiously increasing the likeliness that an optimum undertaking consequences. A Financial theoretical accounts may be linked to the tool so that returns from different options can be straight calculated, further streamlining the development determination doing procedure. In many states the ocular influence of a air current farm on the landscape is an of import issue. A The usage of computational design tools allows the Zone of Visual Influence ( ZVI ) , or visibleness footmark, to be calculated to place from where the air current farm will be seeable. A The tools may besides be used to supply visual images, to ease the production of photomontages and to foretell the noise and shadow spark which consequences from a proposed development. A These are frequently cardinal facets of the Environmental Assessment for a undertaking. Figure 1 shows an initial preliminary layout of a air current farm consisting of 26 turbines that meets all site specific restraints. A There are two noise sensitive homes west of the proposed air current farm with a defined noise bound that are marked with brooding icons. A The solid black line represents the site boundary in which the turbines can be placed. The layout of the air current farm after the optimization is shown in Figure 2. A Compared with the initial layout the predicted energy production has increased by about 3 % . A In the upper subdivision of Figure 2 the optimised layout of the air current farm superimposed with the noise degrees predicted for this layout can be seen. A A rendered visual image of the air current farm visual aspect from a point of view sou’-east of the air current farm is shown at the underside. How to cite Site Finding And Planning For Wind Farms Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Project Paper free essay sample

My uncle loves almost all kinds of music. I want to do something really special for him this year for his birthday since he Is turning fifty! I think It would be pretty cool to have a special piece of music composed In honor of him at his birthday party since he is so fond of music. My uncle has three favorite composers which of Beethoven, Mozart and Bach. I think I may write a letter to Beethovens agent because out of all three composers, he happens to be someone my uncle enjoys and listens to the SST.Ludwig van Beethoven is an extraordinary composer. One thing that is very interesting Is that at a very young age he composed his first original symphony. He was a child prodigy and I think that may be a reason I enjoy his music so much. Another extraordinary think about Beethoven Is that his hearing was deteriorating but yet he still wrote such beautiful music. The Fifth Symphony is my uncles favorite composition. It brings musical forms to the triumph of art over death, fear and pain. (P. 908) The reason I am choosing Beethoven is really because of the meaning Enid the Fifth Symphony.My uncle suffered a major stroke almost a year ago and when this happened he experienced fear, pain, and almost death. He lost all feeling In his left arm. He had a fear of losing functions, a fear of never seeing his family and a fear of death. He was In pain throughout physical therapy and he felt pain as he was having the stroke. He did not die, but he was close to it because if would of waited any longer, he would of become brain dead. He overcame his fears, pain and death and was triumphant as he succeeded through physical therapy and regained a aroma life.My uncle and this symphony have a lot in common and that is the reason why I would want Beethoven to write the special piece for my uncle. Beethovens music Is very beautiful and something that regardless of the culture would enjoy! Although Beethoven wrote many beautiful and lyrical melodies, another radical innovation of his music, compared especially to that of Mozart and Haydn, is his extensive use of forceful, marked and even stark rhythmic patterns throughout his compositions and, in particular in his themes and motifs, some of which are primarily rhythmic rather than melodic. (Beethoven,) Compared to Mozart, Beethoven used stark rhythmic patterns. One interesting part of the Fifth Symphony Is that It ends with one of the longest, most thrilling conclusions Beethoven ever wrote. (P. 908) Beethoven seems to be a good choice for my uncles birthday celebrati on; lets hope his agent can be convinced. Mozart and Bach are both wonderful composers, but just do not compare to Beethoven in my eyes in regards to the situation at hand. Mozart did write his first original composition at a ere young age as well, but the meaning of Beethovens Fifth Symphony has a special Mozart.I happen to enjoy Mozart a little bit more, but it is about my uncle. Mozart does have a lot to offer, but his music was generally regarded to as overly complicated, too demanding emotionally and intellectually for a popular audience to absorb. (P. 821) Mozart in my opinion does not have an emotional connection to my uncle as Beethoven does. Mozart best music has a natural flow and irresistible Charm and can express humor, Joy or sorrow with both conviction and mastery. (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,)With that being said, Mozart does seem to be fitting as well, but I am going to still go with Beethoven.Johann Sebastian Bach had a lot happen to him as a child, but that did not stop him from composing wondering music. Again, the reason I am choosing Beethoven is because of the emotional connection to my uncle, which is no way meant to insult anyone. It is very interesting to see that Martin Luther was once a pupil of his. He was described as having an uncommonly fine treble voice. (Johann Sebastian Bach,)With that being stated, it Nas very tough choice between Bach and Beethoven. The reason because is because both Bach and my uncle suffered, although in different terms, they still both suffered. All in all, all three composers put up good points and a good fight to make it such a tough decision! For starters, Beethovens meaning behind the Fifth Symphony is exactly what my uncle felt when he had his stroke. Next there is Mozart and although he a little bit younger that Beethoven and Mozart when he wrote his first original composition, there is Just no connection emotionally to my uncle. Finally here is Bach who suffered Just like my uncle did, in a different context, that emotional connection is Just not as strong. Each composer has great aspects of their music, which honestly made it a tough choice as well.My choice is Beethoven because of the emotional connection that I see between the Fifth Symphony and my uncle. Although this day and age is a lot different compared to when Beethoven was alive, there is always room for classical music. Since the Fifth Symphony is a composition that has an emotional connection to my uncle; that is the composition hat I would like to have th e special piece be based off of. The reason I am choosing the Fifth Symphony is because of it bringing musical for to the triumph of art over death, terror, fear and pain. (P. 08) There is so much I would want to be included from this composers style and this composition in particular for the new music. For starters, the fact of having a majestic C is very interesting and something I feel should be included. There are instruments in this symphony such as an oboe, piccolo, double bassoon, woodwind sections and a trombone that really makes this symphony unique. Over and over again it seems as if the symphony is about to end, but instead it only gets faster and faster, until it finally comes to a rest of the single note C, played fortissimo by the entire orchestra. (P. 908) With that being said, I Mould want something along those lines for the special piece of music for my uncle. In order to understand what emotions are generated by this symphony, I am going to listen to it to understand it and hopefully achieve the feeling that I want my uncle to feel as well. I am going to listen to the first movement in the Fifth Symphony. While esteeming to this I had all kinds of emotions. At first I feel anger because of the loud tempo. I feel afraid. I picture thunder and lightning. I picture waves crashing, I picture nature at its worst and that is only within the first two minutes. As the tempo sadness as the tempo drops very low and the very high. I pictured the death of my dad and my first break-up. Towards the end of the symphony, it is more upbeat and happy. It makes me feel as if I have overcome my feelings of being afraid; being sad and the feelings of Joy and happiness prevail. I want my uncle to really feel his motions to the point where he is happy by the end of the song that he cries.I really Ant my uncle to feel fear, pain and death. Fear in losing his life, fearing in losing his family and fear in loosing movement. Pain that he felt as the stroke happened, the pain our family felt, pain of losing mobility. Although he did not die, I want him to feel the emotion of being close to death and the thought of meeting God. The reason want him to feel this is to then feel Joyous and happy because he was triumphant over everything and the fact that he is happy and alive. I want my uncle to be artful for everything he has and to not take life for grant it.To whom it may concern, My name is Victoria Campbell and I am writing this letter to you to ask if Beethoven could write a special piece of music composed in honor of my uncle which would be played at a family birthday celebration. My uncle actually has a lot in common with the Fifth Symphony. The music brings the form of triumph over death, pain and fear. My uncle recently suffered a major stroke, and lost all feeling in his left arm and has trouble walking sometimes. The days have gotten better for him, but he does not me happy.I am hoping that if this special request could be done, it may help him actually be happy. Now, I am not writing this letter out of pity or anything of that nature, I am Just asking for a special request that is all. I will pay anything you would like Just to make my uncle happy. Please consider this because it would mean the Nor to my uncle because Beethoven is one of his favorite composers. I narrowed it down to three composers and I ultimately chose Beethoven because of the emotional connection between the meanings of the Fifth Symphony and my uncles experience.There are certain elements I would really like to see in this new piece such as a Majestic C and also all of the instruments that were included such as the oboe, piccolo, double bassoon, woodwind section and trombone. My main goal to have this done for my uncle is to have him triumph over his experience and triumph over his fears, pain and death, as I want him to be truly happy and truly grateful for his life and family. I feel that Beethoven is so perfect for this composition because he is a brilliant artist and is very intriguing. Also, I know he is capable of anything he puts is heart and mind too.